Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure
Phinney, J. S. (1992). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(2), 156-176.
Developed a questionnaire measure of ethnic identity based on the elements of ethnic identity that are common across groups so that it can be used with all ethnic groups. The questionnaire was administered to 134 Asian American, 131 African American, 89 Hispanic, 12 White, 11 Black, 1 American Indian, and 8 mixed background college students (aged 18-34 yrs). Reliability, assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was .81 for the high school sample and .90 for the college sample. The relationship of ethnic identity to various demographic variables and to self-esteem was examined. The measure was reliable and can be used to examine similarities and differences in ethnic identity and its correlates among youths from different ethnic groups.