Cross-Cultural Coping Scale (CCCS)

The Cross-Cultural Coping Scale (CCCS), a scenario-based instrument, has a three-factor structure: Collective, Avoidance, and Engagement Coping. In the instrument development study, its criterion-related validity was indicated in the acculturation of Chinese Canadian adolescents. Convergent and divergent/discriminate validities were indicated in the CCCS' relationships with self-construal in a sample of racially and ethnically diverse college students in Canada. The CCCS' generalizability was tested on international university students in Midwestern United States, who self-reported various religious faiths, acculturation, and coping. In another study, the CCCS distinguished between first-generation and second-generation Asian Indian youth's coping in the United States and is a moderator variable in these participants' racial resiliency.

Authors: Ben C. H. Kuo & Gargi Roysircar

Select Representative References

Kuo, B. C. H., Roysircar, G., & Newby-Clark, I. R. (2006). Development of the Cross-cultural Coping Scale: Collective, avoidance, and engagement coping. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 39,161-181

Kuo, B.C.H. (2002). Correlates of coping of three Chinese adolescent cohorts in Toronto, Canada: Acculturation and acculturative stress. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 62 (8-B), 1-200.